Fireproof painting of wood
Fireproof painting of wood has a significant impact on the safety of wooden structures. To achieve the desired results, the process must be carried out in strict accordance with established guidelines and using properly selected products. How does it work? What factors influence the final outcome?
Fireproof painting of wood and regulations
Fireproof painting of wood used as a building material is required by law. These requirements are outlined primarily in the Regulation of the Minister of Infrastructure of April 12, 2002, on the technical conditions buildings and their location must meet (Journal of Laws 2002 No. 75, item 690). It states that the main load-bearing structure, roof framework and covering, floors, as well as internal and external walls, must meet a specified fire resistance rating, defined as the ability to withstand fire pressure for a designated period expressed in minutes.
Fireproof painting of wood – key principles
Proper proportions
Wood fire protection products are distributed in dry form. Before application, they must be diluted in water according to the proportions specified by the manufacturer. Incorrect ratios of solvent to concentrate can lead to application issues and inadequate fire protection.
Proper protection
Water-diluted fire protection products for wood can be washed out by rain. Therefore, for elements located outdoors, it is necessary to apply an additional layer of waterproof sealant or a protective-decorative coating.
Wood impregnation and aesthetics
Most fire-retardant wood impregnates are green or red in color. For structural elements, the coloration is usually not an issue, but if the wood is also meant to serve decorative purposes, it should be treated with a colorless protective agent.
Fireproof Painting – Wood Impregnation
Untreated wood is a flammable material that can contribute to the rapid spread of fire. However, this risk can be significantly reduced through fireproof painting. Commonly used in construction, pine wood treated with fire-retardant coatings can achieve a fire reaction class of B-s2, d0. This substantially lowers the risk of a fire growing out of control, partly by preventing the release of flaming airborne particles.
Fireproof painting – how to prepare wood?
The effectiveness of fireproof painting for wood largely depends on proper preparation of the material. To allow the product to penetrate deeply into the wood structure, the surface must be clean and dry. The moisture content should not be lower than 10%, with the optimal level being 28%. At this level, the treatment penetrates 4 to 6 millimeters deep, whereas at 12% moisture, it will not exceed a depth of 3 millimeters.
Fireproof painting of wood – methods
Pressure method
This method is used in sawmills that offer wood already treated with fire-retardant impregnation.
Spray method
A method that allows wood to be painted both before and after installation using pressure spraying equipment.
Immersion method
This method allows for wood impregnation before installation. It involves immersing wooden elements in troughs or tanks filled with a protective solution.
Brushing method
Fireproof painting of wood using this method involves applying the protective product with a brush or roller.
Effective fireproof painting of wood
Fireproof painting of wood requires substantial knowledge and skill. To achieve the desired results, the right product and application method must be used. Since fire protection is one of the key pillars of building safety, this task is best entrusted to professionals.